This idea allowed Chamberlain to combine both his vast amount of knowledge in history as well as in the humanities, in general. Die athenische Demokratie und die deutsche Althistorie bis 1945, Peter Lang, Bern, New York, 1986, 332p. 9 Decultot, Elisabeth, Johann Joachim Winckelmann. The Jews are a case in point; if a man possesses a sacred book, which contains all wisdom, then all further investigation is as superfluous as it is sinful: the . It was high time the saviour appeared.18. 6But what was to be said about Rome? Two of his uncles were generals, and a third was a . Christianity is, for the author, a pillar of European culture. Der Fanatiker will berreden, Sie wollen berzeugen, nur berzeugen, und darum gelingt es Ihnen auch; ja, ich mchte Sie ebenfalls fr das Gegenteil eines Politikers dieses Wort im landlufigen Sinne aufgefat erklren, denn die Asche aller Politik ist die Parteiangehrigkeit, whrend bei Ihnen alle Parteien verschwinden, aufgezehrt von der Glut der Vaterlandsliebe. Chapel Hill, University of North Carolina Press, 1996. is a form of prolonged indictment against the Jews, depicted as a race full of hatred, longing for might and vengeance. Es gibt eine Gewalt, die aus Chaos stammt und zu Chaos hinfhrt, und es gibt eine Gewalt, deren Wesen es ist, Kosmos zu gestalten. Historians must therefore make the effort to understand that, for Chamberlains coevals, his book was important in that it provided an answer, at the time, to important questions and, to a larger extent, tried to give a meaning to history. The known world, the, , reached its apex around the first century A.D., when the Romans, having conquered Greece, managed to combine their chtonian. While the Greeks had given Europe a soul, the Romans were busy shaping the body: the, , the legions. He then joined the Nazi party before he passed away in 1927. Der Fanatiker erhitzt die Kpfe, Sie erwrmen die Herzen. 325-363. Christianity is, for the author, a pillar of European culture. Without him, the Indo-Europeans would have disappeared. Sie haben Gewaltiges zu leisten vor sich, aber trotz Ihrer Willenskraft halte ich Sie nicht fr einen Gewaltmenschen. Chamberlain chose to revisit this holy triangle through the vlkisch perspective. Since he and Hider were very close friends and he married Wagner's daughter, one can imagine the mutually satisfactory con-versations that must have taken place among them on the subject of race. 28 Hitler, Adolf, Mein Kampf, Munich, Franz Eher Verlag, Zentralverlag der NSDAP, 1926, 782p. Quote from vol. , Health, Race and German Politics between National Unification and Nazism, 1870-1945, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1989. This is a draft section of a chapter in my forthcoming Ph.D., in which I explore the racial and theological theories of 19th-century German philosopher Houston Stewart Chamberlain. This second visit was, according to Goebbels, a heartbreaking episode which Berlins new Gauleiter described in his diary, in May 1926: Shattering scene: Chamberlain on a couch. Historic antisemitism , the rise of eugenics and nationalism , the aftermath of the First World War, the rise of the Nazis, the role of Adolf Hitler, the internal operation of the Nazi state, the Second World War and collaboration all played key roles in the timing and scale of the final catastrophe. 6 Drben, im asiatischen Osten, hatten und haben nicht einmal die Menschen Persnlichkeit, hier, in Hellas, ist jeder Fluss, jeder Stein belebt, individualisiert, die stumme Natur erwacht zum Bewusstsein ihrer selbst, in Chamberlain, Houston Stewart, Die Grundlagen des neunzehnten Jahrhunderts, op. Chamberlain indulges in the most appalling stereotypes of the Bildung of his time. , New York, Columbia University Press, 1981, 565p. , Munich, Bruckmann, 1899, 1031p. (2 volumes). cystic fibrosis foundation evidence-based guidelines for management of; 1986 world cup england squad; . Christ, Karl, Hellas: Griechische Geschichte und deutsche Geisteswissenschaft, Mnchen, C.H. allowed him to reach public fame. I, chap. Feb by Claudio. This book had already been published in 1850, but anonymously. Sein Buch Die Grundlagen des 19. (). "In this manner the ground was prepared for the emergence of a new race of'Supermen'," said Houston Stewart Chamberlain. Lolita : Examining the Underside of the Weave, A digital resources portal for the humanities and social sciences, Catalogue of 609 journals. The Persians indeed were Jews, at least as much as the Greeks were Germans, and the Persian Wars were nothing else than a racial struggle which lasted over a century between Asia and Europe. He eventually settled in Dresden, Germany, after his Prussian tutor had filled his young mind with Teutonic tales of Germanic greatness. circular tooth thickness formula; toba catastrophe theory; raising baby ducks for beginners; medical emergency number belgium; louise belcher hat, baby. In 1899, his Foundations of the 19th Century allowed him to reach public fame. Chamberlain, Houston Stewart, Sehr geehrter und lieber Herr Hitler 7. The most important promoter of racial ideology in Europe during the mid-19th century was Joseph-Arthur, comte de Gobineau, who had an almost incalculable effect on late 19th-century social theory. Ludwig Schemann exerted a great intellectual influence on the other members of the Wagner circle, popularizing what people started to call the Vlkisch ideology3: to fight against the (revolutionary) French idea of Nation based on the (false) assumption of equality. Trailblazer, pioneer! This book had already been published in, Die Rasse in den GeisteswissenschaftenBand II: Hauptepochen und Hauptvlker der. Please, do not mention this painstaking compiler, good enough to write mediocre encyclopaedias named Plinius11. Chamberlain, der Seher des Dritten Reiches : das Vermchtnis Houston Stewart Chamberlains an das deutsche Volk : in einer Auslese aus seinen Werken [1936 - 1934] Chamberlain, Houston Stewart, 1855-1927. "In this manner the ground was prepared for the emergence of a new race of'Supermen'," said Houston Stewart Chamberlain. In his book, we can read that Plato was, by all means, a great philosopher. This is one of the better clichs of the German historiography of the second half of the 19. century: only the Nordic king, Alexander of Macedonia, managed to unify Greece and put an end to endless campaigns by creating an Empire, like King Wilhelm of Prussia who succeeded in 1871 in unifying the different German tribes and states into a mighty Empire. 15 Wie viel hat man nicht ber die Vertilgung Karthagos durch die Rmer gewehklagt und moralisiert, von Polybius bis zu Mommsen! 2 Schemann, Ludwig, Die Rasse in den GeisteswissenschaftenBand II: Hauptepochen und Hauptvlker der Geschichte in ihrer Stellung zur Rasse, Munich, Lehmanns Verlag, 1930, 419p. 3 Puschner, Uwe, Die vlkische Bewegung im wilhelminischen Kaiserreich. The Superior Aryan Race . After attending a lyce in Versailles and a boarding school in Cheltenham, he visited destination spas and various health resortshe did not have a very sound constitutionwith his chaperon and a tutor. 24 Chamberlain, Houston Stewart, Sehr geehrter und lieber Herr Hitler 7. Why was the world precisely how it should be (the white population thus rewarded for its supremacy over the others)? But in his book, Chamberlain laid down the foundations for a vision of history that was to nurture the Nazi Weltanschauung. Silent nature awakes to the consciousness of itself6. He was, for the Germans, the thinker who popularized Gobineaus ideas on the social Darwinists, providing the German bourgeoisie with a sense of its mission: am deutschen wesen soll die welt genesenthe German essence must heal the world. He could have been a typical character from A Room with a View; he who could not embrace the military career his father had ambitioned for him and went on travelling instead. 7 Der Grieche war von jeher, was er noch heute ist, untreu, unpatriotisch, eigenschtig, Ibid., p.50. Houston Stewart Chamberlain. Sie sind ja gar nicht, wie Sie mir geschildert worden sind, ein Fanatiker, vielmehr mchte ich Sie als den unmittelbaren Gegensatz eines Fanatikers bezeichnen. 7 quotes from Houston Stewart Chamberlain: 'The separation wall between religion and sincere scientific thinking, so ingeniously erected by our church doctors, does not really exist; it means rather the acknowledgement of an official lie. The Foundations of the Nineteenth Century (Die Grundlagen des neunzehnten Jahrhunderts, 1899) is a book by British-born German philosopher Houston Stewart Chamberlain.In the book, Chamberlain advances various racialist and especially vlkisch antisemitic theories on how he saw the Aryan race as superior to others, and the Teutonic peoples as a positive force in European civilization and the . As a tribute to Chamberlain, and in the similar style of his book, Alfred Rosenberg, the chief ideologist of the Nazi party, entitled his own work, , the gospel of Nazism. This race of heroes which carried out a Herculean task by creating the, was defeated by hybrid weaklings from Asia minor, Greeks and Jews who infiltrated the Empire and the most inner circles of imperial power, thus becoming the juridicial counsellors of the throne. 2 diciembre, 2021 | . He defined himself as an Ungelehrter, taking pride in not being a trained scholar, which he deemed was unworthy of his natural talents. (). Decultot, Elisabeth, Johann Joachim Winckelmann. I also examine Chamberlain's influence on Nazism and suggest that Der Grieche war von jeher, was er noch heute ist, untreu, unpatriotisch, eigenschtig, Demandt, Alexander, Politische Aspekte im Alexanderbild der Neuzeit. 4Thanks to this book, and because he was someone who mattered in Bayreuth, Chamberlain later became a very important mediator in the formulation of the Nazi ideology, before he died in 1927. Drben, im asiatischen Osten, hatten und haben nicht einmal die Menschen Persnlichkeit, hier, in. 19Although he did not agree with everything he had written in the Foundations, Hitler knew how to value such honour. However, it was quite successful from the 1900s to the 1930s; it sold over 200000 copies. Auswirkungen der Entjudaisierung Christi im 19. und. Chapel Hill, University of North Carolina Press, 1996. A true anti-Semite, Wagner wrote an essay against the perversion of the arts by the Jews entitled Jewishness in Music (Das Judentum in der Musik1) that led Friedrich Nietzsche to break with him but that gained him the affection of many dubious devotees. Though it were proved that there was never an Aryan race in the past, yet we desire that in the future there may be one. The self-taught student had found his philosophical stone and was ready to share his revelation4 to the public. Ein Beitrag zur historischen, Athens represented, for Chamberlain, the beauty of ideas and the greatness of philosophy, which as such is not a very original idea. Introduction Houston Stewart Chamberlain (1855-1927) is best known for his cultural history Die Grundlagen des neunzehnten Jahrhunderts (Foundations of the Nineteenth Century; Munich, 1899) as well as for his studies of Kant, Goethe, Wagner, and Heinrich von Stein. Houston Stewart Chamberlain (Q57737) Houston Stewart Chamberlain. Chamberlain, Houston Stewart, Die Grundlagen des neunzehnten Jahrhunderts, 2 vols, Munich, Bruckmann, 1899. Es gibt eine Gewalt, die aus Chaos stammt und zu Chaos hinfhrt, und es gibt eine Gewalt, deren Wesen es ist, Kosmos zu gestalten. Order: Relying on Sanskrit being part of the Indo-Aryan, and thereby part of the Indo-European, family of languages, from which he supposes a common ancestry, he deems Europeans can benefit greatly from a study of the Vedic texts, the latter . There is the force that stems from chaos and in turn leads to chaos, and there is the force which shapes the cosmos27. Greece has always gravitated around Asia, till Rome dragged it away, to the West. He was the son of an English captain, later admiral. Chamberlain criticized them for their lack of political sense: The Greeks have always been, and are still today, unfaithful, unpatriotic, self-centred7. In that respect, he is not being entirely fair to the author. captain america costume endgame. They settled down in Greece and Rome, enjoying the benefits of cultural photosynthesis, thanks to the sun and mild climate of the Mediterranean. Ohne ihn ging der Tag des Indoeuropers zu Ende. Racism, including racial antisemitism, was always an integral part of German National . Jetzt glaube ich einzusehen, da dies grade Ihr Wesen bezeichnet und sozusagen umschliet: der wahre Erwecker ist zugleich Spender der Ruhe. Bayreuth Friedhof Grab Chamberlain 30.03.07 DSC05063.jpg 1,536 2,048; 1.37 MB. Was der Chamberlain da in seinen, Epidemics and Genocide in Eastern Europe, 1890-1945, The second Saviour (with a capital S) is Jesus Christ himself whom Chamberlain celebrates at length in his book. This idea was borrowed by Chamberlain from many racist historians and theoreticians of the time. Eines ist aber so klar wie die Sonne am Mittag: wre das phnezinische Volk nicht ausgerottet (), so htte die Menschheit dieses 19. Those three cities had been, throughout the 19. century, the epitome of Western culture: the Greeks had bequeathed philosophy and the arts, the Romans the Law and the Empire, and Jerusalem had opened a new path to salvation with the teachings of Jesus Christ. What then could possibly have happened? houston stewart chamberlain, the importance of race summary. This race of heroes which carried out a Herculean task by creating the Imperium was defeated by hybrid weaklings from Asia minor, Greeks and Jews who infiltrated the Empire and the most inner circles of imperial power, thus becoming the juridicial counsellors of the throne. Fortunately, the Greeks were great artists, like the Germans themselves. Later, when the Jews rebelled in Palestine, under Vespasian and Titus, and then under Hadrian, they were beaten once again: There is a second roman, of overwhelming significance for world history: the. I want to cry out, I want to weep. The German Christian Movement in the Third Reich. Chamberlain saw in Hitler the new William II who could save Germany, as he wrote to him in a moving letter in the form of an accolade from the old philosopher of the race to the young racist politician.24 Chamberlain addresses a most respected and dear Herr Hitler, the only one who could give him strength and peace, confidence and energy, everything that he had lost in August 1914, when Germany entered a fateful war: I have been wondering why it was you of all people, you who are so extraordinary in awakening people from sleep and humdrum routines, who recently gave me a longer and more refreshing sleep than I have experienced since that fateful day in August 1914 when I was first struck down by this insidious sickness. Off we go. Regrettably, a number of Chamberlain's most important works are still accessible only to those who know German, the language in which he did Die Rasse in den GeisteswissenschaftenBand II: Hauptepochen und Hauptvlker der Geschichte in ihrer Stellung zur Rasse, The Nazi Germany Sourcebook. Houston Stewart Chamberlain (; 9 September 1855 - 9 January 1927) was a British-German philosopher who wrote works about political philosophy and natural science. Houston Stewart Chamberlain was an Englishman who had married Richard Wagner's daughter. His most fundamental idea was that the Germanic race was the cornerstone and the pillar of civilization. He eventually settled in Dresden, Germany, after his Prussian tutor had filled his young mind with Teutonic tales of Germanic greatness. Corrections? He reciprocated by paying a tribute to Chamberlain in Mein Kampf. 4 Field, Geoffrey G., Evangelist of Race.The Germanic Vision of Houston Stewart Chamberlain, New Yor ; 5 Chamberlain, Houston Stewart, Die Grundlagen des neunzehnten Jahrhunderts, Munich, Bruckmann, 1899, ; 2 A passionate and self-educated man, Houston Stewart Chamberlain studied and read a lot, eager to explore many different fields at once: history, philosophy or the natural sciences. For todays readers, it is nothing more than a flood of words and phrases, an accumulation of commonplaces, false ideas and lies without any firm structure or real coherence. Wo ist ein grosser, schpferischer Naturforscher unter den Rmern? As they wanted to destroy anything that was not Jewish, they fought against the Greeks. Both an art lover and a dilettante, he was welcomed into Richard Wagners larger circles when he became his son-in-law. 16After the shock of the First World War and of Germanys defeat, Chamberlain slowly faded away. Houston Stewart Chamberlain (1855-1927), who married Wagner's daughter Eva in 1908 but never met Wagner, . Their existence is sin, their existence is a crime against the holy laws of life. In very ancient times, Germanic tribes had come from the north to colonize the south. The fanatic wants to overwhelm people with words, you wish to convince, only to convince themand that is why you are successful. Reassured though he was to have met the saviour of Germany and of the German race, Chamberlain did not die right away and had to wait four more years before falling into a deep and peaceful sleep. In 1899 Chamberlain wrote his most important work, 'Die Grundlagen des Neunzehnten Jahrhunderts' . An Anthology of Texts, London, Routledge, 2002. Chamberlain is unique, however, in the fact that he is the only author surveyed in . Still, the Greeks were far from perfect. Bundesarchiv Bild 119-1600-06, Houston Stewart Chamberlain (cropped).jpg 249 350; 70 KB. Only 1869 did Richard Wagner authorize its publication under his name. Houston Stewart Chamberlain - The German WorldviewAlexander Jacob - with Pedro VarelaLibreria Europa, Barcelona, 2007https://rowman.com/ISBN/9780761829126/Po. : to fight against the (revolutionary) French idea of Nation based on the (false) assumption of equality. No. He mumbles, wants to speak, he can'tand then weeps like a child! Wagner, Richard, Das Judentum in der Musik, Leipzig, 1869. As they wanted to destroy anything that was not Jewish, they fought against the Greeks. Jesus Christ was, strangely enough, of pure Germanic blood. , The Early Goebbels Diaries, 1925-1926, London, Weidenfeld and Nicholson, 1962. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Drben, im asiatischen Osten, hatten und haben nicht einmal die Menschen Persnlichkeit, hier, in Hellas, ist jeder Fluss, jeder Stein belebt, individualisiert, die stumme Natur erwacht zum Bewusstsein ihrer selbst, in Chamberlain, Houston Stewart, Demandt, Alexander, Politische Aspekte im Alexanderbild der Neuzeit. Hitler saw in Christianity a lethal plague that had affected Europe because of the Jews who made Christians out of Germans to weaken them. He became somewhat of a war hero during the First World War, during which he was a talented propagandist against his own country, Great Britain. What then could possibly have happened? Ein Beitrag zur historischen Methodenkritik, in Archiv fr Kulturgeschichte, 64, 1972, pp. especially since Houston Stewart Chamberlain, a forerunner of Nazi racial ideology, embraced it. It was not really a success, mainly because Hitler did not agree with Chamberlains glorification of Christian culture; but also because he believed that Christ was a mixed-blood; he who was born, according to the Fhrer, from a Roman soldier and a Palestinian prostitute named Mary21: You cannot make an Aryan out of Jesus that is nonsense. He was therefore read and admired by the major figures of the Nazi ideologyone of whom was Hitlerand became, just before he died, in the 1920s, one of the leading minds of their movement. In it, he provides his readership with a new approach to Western history in relation to the question of race and the necessary rise of Germanic power. Being a Nazi in 1926 was just not the same than being a Nazi in 1938, 1942 or 1944. In the 1920s, he met Hitler. 18 Copy quote. If you read the book carefully, the notion of plague as a potential threat is omnipresent. """Na taj nain pripremljeno je tlo za novu rasu nadovjeka"", . 1Houston Stewart Chamberlain was a typical member of the 19th century British gentry but had the most atypical destinya destiny which was built around the culture of two countries: England which he left early and Germany which was to become his true home. ., Evangelist of Race. Oktober 1923, quoted in. Houston Stewart Chamberlain (September 9, 1855 - January 9, 1927) was a British-born naturalized German natural scientist, and author of popular scientific and political philosophy books (includes those on Richard Wagner, Immanuel Kant and Johann Wolfgang Goethe) as well as proponent of a nationalist and pan-Germanic antisemitism. And Chamberlain would not be the last to perform such a tour de force. The German Christian Movement in the Third Reich. URL: http://journals.openedition.org/miranda/6680; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4000/miranda.6680, Professor of History - Junior Member, Institut Universitaire de FranceSorbonne Nouvelle Universityjohann.chapoutot@univ-paris3.fr, Creative Commons - Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International - CC BY-NC-ND 4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/, Site map Legal information & Credits Links Directories and labels Syndication, OpenEdition member Published with Lodel Administration only, You will be redirected to OpenEdition Search, Expressions of Environment in Euroamerican Culture / Antique Bodies in Nineteenth Century British Literature and Culture, Antique Bodies in Nineteenth Century British Literature and Culture, From Humanism to Nazism: Antiquity in the Work of Houston Stewart Chamberlain, Houston Stewart Chamberlain was a social Darwinist and a true racist. As for Aristotle, he would not have been remembered in the same way had it not been for Plato. Camera Memoria: Photographic Memory from the Margins, Representing Whiteness in US Film and Television, Unheard Possibilities: Reappraising Classical Film Music Scoring and Analysis, Rethinking Laughter in Contemporary Anglophone Theatre, War in Poetry: Breaking into Family and Everyday Life, Lexprimental dans la littrature et les arts contemporains, Early American Surrealisms, 1920-1940 / Parable Art, Thomas Spence and his Legacy: Bicentennial Perspectives, Images on the Move: Circulations and Transfers in film, Coincidences / Circulating towards and across the British Isles, In Umbra Voluptatis : Shades, Shadows, and their Felicities/ Film Adaptations, New Interactions, South and Race / Staging Mobility in the United States. In the 1031 pages of the two volumes, Chamberlain borrowed ideas from the leading sciences of the time (history and the natural sciences) and stood up for the dominant ideas, at the. Counter-revolutionary theoreticians exalted in Germany the biological idea of the Volk and coined the word vlkisch as an alternative to the French adjective national. The fanatic inflames the mind, you warm the heart. CHAMBERLAIN, HOUSTON STEWART(1855-1927) Houston Stewart Chamberlain, the Anglo-German race theorist and philosophical and historical writer, was born in Southsea, near Portsmouth, England. Enqute sur la gense de lhistoire de lart, Paris, PUF, Perspectives Germaniques, 2000. The immigration of strangers to the race was recurrently presented as the invasion of microbes and viruses into a healthy and sound body. Not a Jew, by all means! Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). 10, p.153. , Stuttgart, Deutsche Verlags-Anstalt, 1960, 141p., in the English translation: , London, Weidenfeld and Nicholson, 1962, 156p., p.77. His big eyes burn like fire. This idea was borrowed by Chamberlain from many racist historians and theoreticians of the time. Goebbels, Joseph, Das Tagebuch von Joseph Goebbels, 1925-1926, Stuttgart, Deutsche Verlags-Anstalt, 1960. The idea of physical race unity and rice purity, which is the very essence of Judaism, signify the recognition of a fundamental physiological fact of life; wherever we observe life from the hyphomycetes to the noble horse we see the importance of "race"; judaism made this law of nature sacred. Shattering scene: Chamberlain on a couch. If Germanic blood is not protected against the Jewish infection, Europe will perish. If Germanic blood is not protected against the Jewish infection, Europe will perish. This idea allowed Chamberlain to combine both his vast amount of knowledge in history as well as in the humanities, in general. Later, the Wagner family would welcome another subject of the British Empire: Winifred Williams. 20Houston Stewart Chamberlain died far too early to witness the rise of the NSDAP and the Gleichschaltung of Germany under Nazi rule. devotion baptism . Es war hohe Zeit, dass der Retter erschien, 1941-1944. So they Aryanised him. Later, when the Jews rebelled in Palestine, under Vespasian and Titus, and then under Hadrian, they were beaten once again: There is a second roman delenda of overwhelming significance for world history: the delenda est Hierosolyma. Chamberlain scorned this racial chaos of the late Roman Empire, which destroyed any racial and national principle16this chaos of peoples of the decadent Roman Empire being a capital sin against nature17. Blut von ihrem Blut und Geist von ihrem Geist, What is interesting, however, is the following statement: according to Chamberlain, the Romans and the Greeks, the founding fathers of our European civilization, were indeed Germans. Houston Stewart Chamberlain b. 23 Weindling, Paul, Epidemics and Genocide in Eastern Europe, 1890-1945, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2003, 463p. And Weindling, Paul, Health, Race and German Politics between National Unification and Nazism, 1870-1945, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1989. Since the purpose of his, was to try and explain everything about life and history, it naturally had to start with Antiquity for the authors exhaustive survey to have any semblance of logic at all. In the 1031 pages of the two volumes, Chamberlain borrowed ideas from the leading sciences of . Like Hegel, Chamberlain praised the Greeks for inventing freedom and the key notion of personality: Over there, in Asia, in the East, no man had ever been a person. This would be taught in the ideological courses every member of the party (among which, members of the SS) had to take. By way of mixture and integration, the Romans changed and gave birth to a breed of mongrels, giving out the Roman citizenship (, ) to every free man on earth. Furthermore, his belonging to the Wagner family was a letter of credit and a sign of distinction in the small but growing world of the far right movements. 8 Demandt, Alexander, Politische Aspekte im Alexanderbild der Neuzeit. 2A passionate and self-educated man, Houston Stewart Chamberlain studied and read a lot, eager to explore many different fields at once: history, philosophy or the natural sciences. 12/02/2021 . Greek and Roman antiquity play an essential part in his argumentation. The Europe the Romans had ambitioned was saved by a racial messiah: the Germanic tribes which, by invading the Empire, preserved the continent and its civilization. 10, p.296, in the English translation by MURPHY, James, London, Hurst and Blackett, 1939, vol. , Wien, Zrich, New York, Europa Verlag, 1940, p.51. , Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2003, 463p. And Weindling, Paul. . . ), British-born Germanophile political philosopher, whose advocacy of the racial and cultural superiority of the so-called Aryan element in European culture influenced pan-German and German nationalist thought, particularly Adolf Hitler's National Socialist movement. Houston Stewart Chamberlain Aryan World-view Because truth lays beyond the reach of the intellect, we can't use words for it. In his book, we can read that Plato was, by all means, a great philosopher. , Hamburg, Albrecht Knaus Verlag, 1980, 496p., p.96. geschrieben hat, ist gelinde gesagt dumm, Hitler quoted in Rauschning, Hermann. 10 Diese Anschauung von der Bedeutung der Kunst entspricht auch, wenn ich nicht irre, einer spezifischen Anlage des deutschen Geistes. Racism in National Socialism. Chamberlain chose to revisit this holy triangle through the vlkisch perspective. is to serve the Germanic race". But something is as clear as the sun at midday: if the Phenician people had not been exterminated () mankind would never have experienced () this 19th century that we can consider with pride and hope15. He published in 1899, in Munich, a very large book entitled the Foundations of the 19th Century5 (Grundlagen des 19 Jahrhunderts). 3This book has the reputation of being hard, if not impossible, to read. He became a member of the Wagner circle and grew quite intimate with the family of the, whose daughter, Eva, he ended up marrying. Chamberlain's ideas on race were greatly influential to Adolf . Die athenische Demokratie und die deutsche Althistorie bis 1945. , Peter Lang, Bern, New York, 1986, 332p. Wo ist ein grosser, schpferischer Naturforscher unter den Rmern? "Foundations of the Nineteenth Century". . Houston Stewart Chamberlain was an English-born German writer who formulated the most important theory of Teutonic superiority in pre-Hitlerian German thought. An Anthology of Texts, Health, Race and German Politics between National Unification and Nazism, 1870-1945. , Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1989. , Leipzig, 1869. Hitler also held a view that Aryans had developed an ancient civilization . Houston Stewart Chamberlain (September 9, 1855 - January 9, 1927) was a British-born author of books on political philosophy, natural science and his posthumous father-in-law Richard Wagner.His two-volume book Die Grundlagen des Neunzehnten Jahrhunderts (The Foundations of the Nineteenth Century) (1899) became one of the many references for the pan-Germanic movement of the early twentieth .