Get helpful information about office policies, downloadable forms to fill out before appointments and request an appointment to see one of our specialists. 18. Cardiology 2 Providers. Residency: Maine Medical Center, Portland, ME Cardiology Associates Of Mobile is a medical group practice located in Foley, AL that specializes in Cardiology. . YEARS IN BUSINESS (251 . Click on Book an Appointment within a provider's profile to check if they provide after hours care. Sign up with your email address to receive news and updates. Adult Congenital Heart Disease, Interventional Cardiology. 2. Make an Appointment. Cardiology Associates 188 Hospital Dr Ste 100 Fairhope, AL 36532. 22703 Perdido Beach Blvd Orange Beach, Orange Beach, AL 36561-3669 +1 251-256-0009 Website. It also offers services in the fields of electrophysiology and handles the treatment of heart failure, peripheral vascular disease, and cholesterol and lipid disorders. I realize there are more than 1 doctor in the office, but after no reasonable explanation given we finally just left after an hour and 15 minutes without being seen! The Best 10 Cardiologists near Foley, AL 36535, Cardio-Thoracic & Vascular Surgical Associates PC, Cardio-Thoracic & Vascular Surgical Associates | Foley. Cardiology Associates of Savannah has many locations across the region. Cardiology Associates - Foley, AL - Nextdoor 26. Tuesday 10:30 AM-10:00 PM. Make an Appointment. Adding a business to Yelp is always free. What did people search for similar to cardiologists near Foley, AL? I have noticed when going to CA in Mobile receptionist are rude to elderly people when they come in to ck themselves in in the kiosk. Dr. Michael Pursley is a cardiologist in Fairhope, AL, and is affiliated with multiple hospitals including North Baldwin Infirmary. Dr. Frank Thomas Bunch has 2 locations. Easy, done. . The organization serves individuals in southern Alabama. Pediatric Cardiology. 36 customer reviews of Cardiology Associates. 188 Hospital Dr Ste 100. to request an appointment during regular office hours: (814) 942-2411. Daily Hours. They have 33 years of experience. Best Continuing Care Retirement Community (CCRC), Best Medicare Advantage Plan Companies 2023, Best Medicare Part D Prescription Drug Plan Companies 2023. 37. 37. Cardiology Associates: Foley, AL: Medical Office Receptionist: Restoration Health: Spanish Fort, AL: Country Club Administrative Assistant (Part-Time) PCH Hotels & Resorts: Point Clear, AL: Medical Asst/Receptionist - General Surgery Clinic: Foley Clinic Corporation: Foley, AL: Front Desk Receptionist: Directions. Aubrey Allen, D.O., and Jeremy Norwood, M.D. Infirmary Health is the largest private, not-for-profit health system in Alabama. . Hometown: Mansfield, CT n/a Office cleanliness. We will be in touch soon. AL 36607 Get Directions Phone: (251) 471-3544. Physicians & Surgeons, Cardiology Physicians & Surgeons Physicians & Surgeons, Internal Medicine. (251) 410-9000. Make an Appointment. 188 Hospital DriveSuite 100Fairhope,AL 36532Located on the first floor in the Medical Office Center on the campus of Thomas Hospital. 877.461.3712. jeanette@southbaldwinchamber.com. Childbirth Education. Website (205) 621-7935. Help Millions of people find the right doctor and care they need, Get immediate care and visit with providers from the comfort of your home, or anywhere, Urgent care centers can be faster and cheaper for situations that are not life threatening, Doctors and patients discuss the latest medical treatments and health tips, Search prescription drugs for why theyre used, side effects and more, Back and Neck Surgery (Except Spinal Fusion). A lot of people do not know how to use these. Learn more about Cardio-Thoracic & Vascular Surgical Associates. Cardiology Associates Pc in Foley, AL. Have a healthcare bill? Residency: University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 2. Portals . US News provides online appointment bookings for select Cardiologists in your area. Showing 1-13 of 13 Providers. n/a Scheduling flexibility. YP, the YP logo and all other YP marks contained herein are trademarks of YP LLC and/or YP affiliated companies. Explore. 1721 N McKenzie St Foley, AL 36535 (251) 943-4100 . Use of this website and any information contained herein is governed by the Healthgrades User Agreement. Pier House. 1. Cardiology 6 Providers. Job duties include triage, patient care, performing EKGs, manual blood pressure readings, and other related responsibilities. Board of Directors. Weisberg, Ian L, MD. LOCATIONS. The results provide our physicians with information to help determine the best course of treatment. Patient Portal; Employee Portal; Patient Pricing Estimator; No Surprise Billing; Medical Records; More Information . Cardiology Associates Of Mobile. Cardiology Associates/Chatom, AL 651 Street Stephens Avenue, Chatom, AL 36518 (800) 842-4009 (Phone), (251) 607-7696 (Fax) Cardiology Associates Continue Reading. Sign up with your email address to receive news and updates. Cardiology Associates provides the most comprehensive adult and pediatric cardiovascular care in the area and ranks among the top cardiology private practices in the nation. 1721 N McKenzie St, Foley, AL, 36535 . Hospital affiliations include South Baldwin Regional Medical Center. We will be in touch soon. Cardiovascular Disease, Internal Medicine, Critical Care Medicine, Internal Medicine, Paroxysmal Supraventricular Tachycardia (PSVT). Cardiology Associates Foley, AL Quick Apply Salary: Receptionist - Baldwin County Seeking full-time experienced medical receptionist. 14.00 miles from Foley, AL. Cardiology Associates. General Cardiology, Adult Congenital Heart Disease, Cardiac Electrophysiology, Interventional Cardiology 16.72 miles from Fairhope, AL 1700 Spring Hill Ave, Mobile, AL, 36604 Request a prescription refill, submit questions and update information. People also searched for these near Foley: What are some popular services for cardiologists? 2005 - 2023 WebMD LLC. Telehealth services available. Read the reviews. South Baldwin Regional Medical Center 1613 N McKenzie St Foley, AL 36535. Cardiology Associates Of Mobile is a medical group practice located in Foley, AL that specializes in Cardiology. Learn more about Cardio-Thoracic & Vascular Surgical Associates. View Map. . Cardiology Associates 1721 North McKenzie St. Foley , AL 36535 Phone: (251) 943-4100 Fax: (251) 990-7722 View Map; 1721 North McKenzie St. Foley , AL 36535 Phone: (251) 943-4100 View Map; 188 Hospital Drive Fairhope , AL 36532 Phone: (251) 607-9797 View Map; 6701 Airport Blvd. Cardiology Associates. Cardiology Associates is a medical group practice located in Foley, AL that specializes in Cardiology. Fellowship: Cardiology Fellowship:Maine Medical Center, Portland, ME Find 10 listings related to Cardiology Associates in Gulf Shores on YP.com. ZipRecruiter has 25 Cardiology Associates jobs. The organization serves individuals in southern Alabama. Get more reviews from your customers with Birdeye. Cardiology Associates. Visit our blog where youll find information about the latest cardiovascular conditions, treatments, preventative measures, and other helpful insights about heart health. How can I find a Cardiologist that takes my insurance? See providers, locations, and more. The last few moments before the plane landed were the worst, everyone's knuckles white as they clung to their seats for dear life, Saulsbury said. The nurses in the back are always nice. Yelp is a fun and easy way to find, recommend and talk about what's great and not so great in Foley and beyond. Cardiology is a field of medicine that specializes in conditions of the heart and other parts of the cardiovascular system. 1721 N McKenzie St, Foley, AL 36535 United States, The Ultimate Guide to Responding to Reviews, How to Build a Reputation Management Strategy in 5 Steps, Cardiology Associates is a group of more than 25 physicians that provides heart services. Click on Book an Appointment button within the profile to book an appointment today. Foley, AL Foley, AL (251) 943-4100 . Share. Search doctors, conditions, or procedures . Little Caesars products are made . 7,752,060 and 8,719,052. Find It Local Guide . Fairhope, AL. 19725 South Greeno Road, Fairhope, AL, 36532. It operates offices in Fairhope, Mobile and Foley in Alabama. Some of the common conditions treated by a Cardiologists are: Congenital Heart Disease, Heart Disease, Heart Attacks, Cardiomyopathy, Congestive Heart Failure, Coronary Artery Disease, Enlarged Heart, Heart Arrhythmias, High Blood Pressure. Find Providers by Specialty Find Providers by Procedure. CLOSED NOW. Cardiology Associates has been recognized as a Medical Group Management Associations (MGMA) Better Performer and is a recipient of Press Ganeys Guardian of Excellence in Patient Experience, a nationally recognized symbol of achievement awarded to Press Ganeys top-performing health care organizations from across the US. All rights reserved. cardiologist fairhope, al. Altoona: Main Office 1321 11th Avenue Altoona, PA 16601 Phone: (814) 942-2411 Fax: (814) 943-6291. Website Directions. Cardiovascular Disease, Internal Medicine . Dr. Ralph Buckley, MD, is a Cardiovascular Disease specialist practicing in Foley, AL with 33 years of experience. Immediate PRN opening for a Registered Nurse in Baldwin County's most progressive cardiology practice. Certification: Internal Medicine, American Board of Internal Medicine; Cardiovascular Subspecialty, American Board of Internal Medicine; Nuclear Cardiology, Certification Board of Nuclear Cardiology; Adult Transthoracic Echocardiography, National Board of Echocardiography, 188 Hospital Dr Ste 100, Fairhope, AL, 36532. Cardiology Associates, a Medical Group Practice located in Foley, AL. Start your career at Cardiology Associates Today. . Dr. Craig Peterson is a cardiologist in Fairhope, AL, and is affiliated with Thomas Hospital. If lower blood pressure in the legs than the arm is indicated, this can be an sign of narrowing or blockages peripheral arteries and further testing may be recommended. Write a Review . Cardiology Associates Of Mobile. . . Dr. Ralph Stowell Buckley, MD is a health care provider primarily located in Foley, AL, with other offices in Fairhope, AL and Atmore, AL. (251) 990-9500. 188 Hospital Dr Ste 100, Fairhope AL 36532. Please enter a valid 5-digit Zip Code. University: The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD Sort:Default. Giu 11, 2022 | how to calculate calories per serving in a recipe Search List Your Practice BROWSE . 29 recommendations for Cardiology Associates from neighbors in Foley, AL. Dr. Jordan Chaisson is a cardiologist in Fairhope, AL, and is affiliated with South Baldwin Regional Medical Center. Physicians & Surgeons Optometrists Physicians & Surgeons, Ophthalmology. Pay all of your medical bills in one place with InstaMed and create a digital wallet. Fairhope, AL, 36532. Dr. Jordan M. Chaisson is a cardiologist in Fairhope, Alabama and is affiliated with South Baldwin Regional Medical Center.He received his medical degree from Louisiana State University School of . 1721 N McKenzie St, Foley AL 36535. (251) 990-9500. The nurse practitioners are friendly and professional. Diagnostic & Medical Clinic Medical Clinic 1700 Springhill Avenue Mobile, AL 36604 (251) 435-1200 . A quick and easy way to pay your bill online. Cardiology Associates has not yet specified any specialties. 251.943.4100. Address: 1721 N Mckenzie St, Foley, AL 36535, 1502 N Mckenzie St Ste 110, Foley, AL 36535, 3817 Gulf Shores Pkwy Ste 7, Gulf Shores, AL 36542. Cardiology Associates provides both traditional and specialized heart and vascular care for children and adults treating coronary artery disease (CAD), congenital heart . Comprehensive Cardiovascular Care for the Gulf Coast. Skip to Main Content. << Watch this video on how to set up a FollowMyHealth portal account. What are you looking for? All rights reserved. Foley, AL. Pay online with the InstaMed Patient Portal, a simple and secure way to pay any healthcare provider. Some popular services for cardiologists include: Copyright 20042023 Yelp Inc. Yelp, , and related marks are registered trademarks of Yelp. Cardiology Associates is a . US News provides insurance information for all our Cardiologists, when available. Doctors in Cardiology Associates. Dr. . Cardiology Associates at 1721 N McKenzie St, Foley AL 36535 - hours, address, map, directions, phone number, customer ratings and comments. Cardiology Associates Of Mobile . Call Directions (251) 990-9500. Erin Armstrong is a physician assistant in Fairhope, AL. How can I make a same day appointment with a Cardiologist? In case of emergency, contact 911 for emergency services. Fairhope, AL, 36532 . What are some of the common conditions treated by a Cardiologist? This content is not available in your current region. 1721 N McKenzie St, Foley AL, 36535. Third Party materials included herein protected under copyright law. If you are insured by an HMO or in some cases a PPO, your health plan may require a referral for specialist care. Default; Distance; Rating; Name (A - Z) Sponsored Links. US News provides reviews for Cardiologists in your area. Monday 10:30 AM-10:00 PM. We will be in touch soon. The organization specializes in pediatric, invasive, preventive and interventional cardiology. Learn more about our broad range of diagnostic testing and interventional procedures based on the latest techniques. Cardiology Associates is a group of more than 25 physicians that provides heart services. Get reviews, hours, directions, coupons and more for Cardiology Associates at 1721 N Mckenzie St, Foley, AL 36535. Please verify insurance information directly with your doctor's office as it may change frequently. New patients are welcome. Get Directions. Access your medical records 24 hours a day, 7 days a week via any computer, smart phone or tablet using the mobile app version of FollowMyHealth(R) or the website at cardassoc.FollowmyHealth.com. n/a Average office wait time. (251) 943-4100. Where? (251) 990-9500. Website (251) 424-1620. . BLS certification will be required. US News provides online booking through telephone, in person visits and tele-visits when available. Please call your primary care physician prior to the appointment and request a referral. 3715 Dauphin Street Suite 1100 Mobile, AL 36608 United States. He has been in practice more than 20 years. See reviews, photos, directions, phone numbers and more for Cardiology Associates locations in Daphne, AL. Cardiology Associates, Fairhope, AL, 36532, Hospitals: South Baldwin Regional Medical Center. Critical Care Medicine, Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Disease, Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Disease, Pediatric Cardiology, Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, Internal Medicine, Paroxysmal Supraventricular Tachycardia (PSVT). Providers Overview Location Reviews. All other marks contained herein are the property of their respective owners. Infirmary Medical Clinics; Infirmary Physician Alliance (251) 435-1200 Diagnostic & Medical Clinic 1700 Springhill . Providers Overview Location Reviews. View similar Physicians & Surgeons, Cardiology. Find Reviews, Ratings, Directions, Business Hours, Contact Information and book online appointment. Please verify insurance information directly with your doctor's office as it may change frequently. Open now : 11:30 AM - 9:00 PM. Med School: University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA Always consult a medical provider for diagnosis and treatment. 54 reviews #39 of 71 Restaurants in Orange Beach $$ - $$$ American Cajun & Creole Grill. Foley, AL 36535 (251) 471-3544 More Information. . Call Directions (251) 990-9500. Use of this website and any information contained herein is governed by the Healthgrades User Agreement. Based on patient feedback. Located in Fairhope, Ala., the center provides health care for. Foley Office. Tue 8:00 am . Long wait time indifferent receptionists Cardiology Associates 188 Hospital Dr Ste 100 Fairhope, AL 36532 (251) 990-9500 . Applicants must have the ability to multi-task, possess good communication skills and work well in a fast-paced office. Our servers have detected that you are accessing this site from a restricted area. Cardiology Associates is a . William Beazley, D.O. 1851 N Mckenzie St Suite 205, Foley, AL 36535 Cardio Thoracic & Vascular Surgery Associates 1855 Spring Hill Ave, Mobile, AL 36607. Cardiology Associates is a Practice with 1 Location. Foley, AL 36535. ACCEPTING NEW . Website. 7,752,060 and 8,719,052. WebMD does not provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Social: Hours. Premier Medical Group. Emergency Medicine. Comprehensive Cardiovascular Care for the Gulf Coast. Cardiology Associates Mobile, AL Quick Apply . Dr. Andrew James Moses . Copyright 2023 Healthgrades Marketplace, LLC, Patent US Nos. Recent Locations. Always consult a medical provider for diagnosis and treatment. Primary endpoint of study is the reclassification rate between the coronary management plan based on the review of the CCTA compared to the actual management. Foley, AL 36535. All Rights Reserved. He is affiliated with South Baldwin Regional Medical Center. Find All Providers . . . The words she used was uncalled for. Laboratory Services. Cardio-Thoracic & Vascular Surgical Associates | Foley; 5 Mobile . Search for other Physicians & Surgeons, Cardiology in Foley on The Real Yellow Pages. Dr. Brian A. Foley is a Cardiologist in Alexander City, AL. n/a Courteous staff. This provider currently accepts 20 insurance plans including Medicare and Medicaid. One of the best Cardiologists, Healthcare business at 1721 N McKenzie St, Foley AL, 36535 United States. . Cardiology Associates. Understanding, very caring, and organized!" Physicians & Surgeons, Family Medicine & General Practice, Physicians & Surgeons, Pediatrics-Cardiology, Coastal Vascular & Interventional - Christopher Bosarge MD. Please enter a valid 5-digit Zip Code. Save. Cardiology Associates has not yet specified accepted insurance plans. List Your Practice ; Search . I went with husband for appointment with nurse practitioner. I hereby authorize Cardiology Associates to administer treatment and perform necessary procedures in diagnosing and/or treating my condition. Cardiology Associates Of Mobile . This assignment is to be Cardiology 1 Provider. Fax: 251.607.7696. The position requires applicants to be available to work at any . Foley, AL 36535 Phone: (251) 923-0550 Fax: (251) 923-0551 . Screening tests help to identify the early presence or an absence of disease or cancer. Claimed. Third Party materials included herein protected under copyright law. Foley, AL 36535, US . . Cardiology Associates Fairhope, AL 36532. Newsletter Signup. Contact Cardiology Associates of Altoona, L.L.P. Cardiology Associates Patient Portal. 2005 - 2023 WebMD LLC. . Located four buildings north of the hospital on the west side of McKenzie Street. 1721 N McKenzie St, Foley, AL Foley, AL (251) 943-4100 . 1. The content on Healthgrades does not provide medical advice. Sign up with your email address to receive news and updates. 37. Cardiology Associates has been recognized as a Medical Group Management Associations (MGMA) Better Performer and is a recipient of Press Ganeys Guardian of Excellence in Patient Experience, a nationally recognized symbol of achievement awarded to Press Ganeys top-performing health care organizations from across the US. cardiologist fairhope, al. Dominate search results. . Your guide to managing depression Understanding and treating thyroid eye disease A patient's guide to Graves' disease Understanding and treating Crohn's disease You are more than atopic dermatitis Understanding your treatment options for MS Your guide to managing wet age-related macular degeneration A patient's guide to managing ankylosing spondylitis Managing and slowing the progression . Immediate full-time opening for a Registered Nurse in Baldwin County's most progressive cardiology practice. These tests are used to identify heart and vascular issues. Connect with neighborhood businesses on Nextdoor. 6701 Airport Blvd. Cardiology Associates in Foley, reviews by real people. Privacy Policy|Advertising Policy|Privacy Preferences Center|Do Not Sell My Personal Information. Confirm insurance coverage with your insurance company before making an appointment. Ellis Allen, M.D. Cardiology Associ, This profile is powered by Birdeye. How can I find a Cardiologist that provides care after hours? Physicians & Surgeons, Cardiology Physicians & Surgeons, Radiology Physicians & Surgeons (1) Website Services. A CT scan or peripheral angiography may be performed. Physicians & Surgeons, Cardiology Physicians & Surgeons Medical Clinics (1) Website Services. Providers Overview Location Reviews. Hospitals: Thomas . 188 Hospital Dr Ste 100 Fairhope, AL 36532. Grow your business. I had an excellent relationship with my cardiologist in Tennessee, Jennifer Morrow is a verymore, Good cardiac care. Copyright 2023 Healthgrades Marketplace, LLC, Patent US Nos. Cardiologists in Alabama primarily perform diagnosis and treatment of heart conditions, versus cardiothoracic surgeons who additionally perform heart-related surgery on patients. The organization also offers preventive and educational and regional outreach programs. Dr. Karl Hakmiller, MD, is a Cardiovascular Disease specialist practicing in Foley, AL with 36 years of experience. 1721 N McKenzie St, Foley, AL Foley, AL (251) 943-4100 . A patient portal account is an online tool that gives you anytime access to your personal health records and enables you to take proactive role in managing your care. "The nicest staff. All Rights Reserved. Cardiology Associates provides Holter . Default; Distance; Rating; Name (A - Z) Sponsored Links. Review. Job duties include triage, patient care, diagnostic testing, notifying patients of results, and triaging patient phone calls. Telehealth services available. Physicians & Surgeons Physicians & Surgeons, Cardiology Medical Clinics (1) Website Services. Comprehensive Cardiovascular Care for the Gulf Coast. Dr. Jordan Chaisson, MD is a cardiologist in Fairhope, Alabama. Urology Associates of Mobile - Foley . Cardiology Associates Cardiologists in Foley, AL 1721 N McKenzie St, Foley (251) 943-4100 Suggest an Edit. The location you tried did not return a result. Dr. 's are awesome!They saved my life . He also completed his residency in internal medicine there as well, prior to his fellowship training, He attended medical school at the University of Alabama at Birmingham, and has a masters degree in Theological Studies from Springhill College. Job duties include patient registration, scheduling patient appointments, check-in/out. 1721 N McKenzie St, Foley, AL, 36535 . On Wednesday, March 30, Dr. Stan Thornton of Cardiology Associates, assisted by Dr. Trey Pluscht of Cardio-Thoracic and Vascular Surgical Associates, . Currently Cardiology Associates's 13 physicians cover 5 specialty areas of medicine. Restaurants. Roger M. Alvarado, MD. Cardiology Associates of Alabama trained specialists offer advanced heart care and vascular treatments to residents on the Alabama and Mississippi Gulf Coast including clinical and minimally invasive treatments for heart and peripheral artery disease, treatment for atrial fibrillation and other heart rhythm disorders, congestive heart failure . South Baldwin Family Practice 202 W. Orange Ave. . Hometown: Falls Church, VA Find a doctor near you. How can I book an appointment online with a Cardiologist for a consultation? The doctors are always busy but are professional and thorough.more. Watch this video on the benefits & basics of a FollowMyHealth portal account. Diplomat Program. Mobile , AL 36608 This provider currently accepts 20 insurance plans including Medicare and Medicaid. Certification: American Board of Internal Medicine; Subspecialty Board in Cardiovascular Disease, 188 Hospital Dr Ste 100, Fairhope, AL, 36532, University Of Virginia School Of Medicine. YEARS IN BUSINESS (251) 943 . CLOSED NOW. 1721 N . . Orthopedic Services. US News provides online appointment booking for select Cardiologists through telephone, in person visits and tele-visits when available. Choose the best Cardiologist based on the reviews provided. Foley , AL 36535 Phone: (251) 433-1895 Fax: (251) 433-1917 View Map. Cardiology Associates provides Holter monitoring, nuclear cardiology, stress testing and cardiac rehabilitation services. Find 17 listings related to Cardiology Associates in Daphne on YP.com. Dr. 's are awesome!They saved my life . Based on patient feedback. 200 N Alston St, Foley, AL 36535. Diagnostic tests, which are typically performed in the office setting, help our physicians identify or diagnose cardiovascular conditions. 13 Providers . Cardiology Associates is a well-established, progressive, growth-oriented practice of nearly 30 board certified physicians and 20 advanced practice providers with five full time clinics in Mobile, Fairhope, and Foley, Alabama and four outreach clinics in Jackson, Chatom, and Atmore, Alabama and Lucedale, Mississippi. Urology Associates of Mobile - Foley 1506 North McKenzie Street, Suite 107 Foley, AL 36535 Phone: (251) 433-1895 Fax: (251) 433-1917. If you would like to access your personal Cardiology Associates health records online, please use the sign up button below or call our office at 251-607-9797 to request an invitation to sign up for a FollowMyHealth patient portal account. Cardiology Associates has been recognized as a Medical Group Management Associations (MGMA) Better Performer and is a recipient of Press Ganeys Guardian of Excellence in Patient Experience, a nationally recognized symbol of achievement awarded to Press Ganeys top-performing health care organizations from across the US. 5 Specialties . Book your appointment today! 5 Specialties . 4 (5) Dr. Brian David . This assignment will remain in effect until revoked by me in writing. Write a Review . 3719 Dauphin Street, Mobile, AL 36608 251.344.9630. 16. Cardiology Associates Of Mobile. A common test for diagnosis of PVD/PAD is an ankle brachial index (ABI) of the lower extremities. Family Medicine. No excuse being rude. Some of the diagnostic tests involve nuclear medicine, the use of a small amount of radioactive substance, to produce two and three dimensional images and blood flow function.